I'd have your tire balance checked and possibly even have a road-force balance done if the shop says they're not out of balance. I've had driveshaft vibrations with a previous vehicle and they're nothing like a tire balance issue. A tire balance issue is like you describe, feel it in the seat of your pants if it's a rear tire.
A driveshaft vibration is more of a buzzing kind of vibration that you can feel/hear throughout the vehicle, much higher frequency than a tire vibration/balance problem, kind of like driving on a rumble strip on the edge of a road but wasn't that severe. For me it also started at a particular speed and never went away above it.
As for "at those speeds it's a fwd car", that may be the case in terms of torque split but that doesn't mean the rear driveshaft isn't spinning equally as fast.
The problem you're going to have if you remove the rear driveshaft and try to drive is that you either won't go anywhere or you could possibly smoke the transfer-case, all while freaking the VTM-4 system out. On acceleration under normal conditions the VTM-4 system sends a fair amount of torque to the rear, with no driveshaft tying the t-case output to the ground you're basically going to get no torque requirement from the rear and as a result send barely any more than that to the front. The VTM-4 system doesn't allow a part-time 4wd mode where you can fully mechanically lock the front and rear driveshafts together at all speeds and effectively turn a RWD/4WD Jeep (or similar) into a FWD Jeep in a pinch.
Or, short answer, no I wouldn't suggest attempting this. Whether or not it's a driveshaft problem you could end up damaging the VTM-4 system and that would suck.